Salzburg - a symphony of sights and sounds

Connoisseurs of architecture called the golden city of Salzburg is high baroque art historians and historians of Florence in the north, and for musicians, especially a birthplace of Mozart and Karajan. In fact, music is in many ways has the form of Salzburg, because this is world-famous festival performed. MBT katolitsizmaZhivopisneyshaya picture, another opens at the entrance to Salzburg by train. This city - a type of decoration from the mountains cut off the chair and the Salzach River, on both sides of which are surrounded. Churches magnificent towers create an elegant silhouette of a baroque city, where the style appears in all its splendor. For his stand against the Salzburg Cathedral dominates the sky with octagonal towers and an ancient Benedictine monastery of San Pedro. A composition is crowned by ignoring much of the city of Salzburg, Castle, located on Mount Nonnberg. Salzburg - a small city (population - 145,000), and, in principle, be avoided within hours. Just noticed that the streets are very often people in church clothes. There are many religious schools, including the faculty of theology at the university. Salzburg is inseparable from the history of the Catholic Church, although the mountain in the city are the names connected with monasticism: in the mountain west bank of the Salzach Menhsberg impose ("Monk"), and East - The Pitter (" Pitter "), even if the name itself comes from the former colony of the salt mines (salt - in German" salt "). showed that the abbey, the town was founded in 696. St. Rupert, who was the first bishop of Salzburg. when it was built and the convent of San Pedro. The settlement grew and grew, and in 798 he was here for the Archbishopric. Over time, the archbishops of the city was influential feudal lords, who are nominally under the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. In essence, the Archdiocese of Salzburg for many centuries an independent principality of princes, archbishops ruled. Is closely linked with neighboring Bavaria, rather than to the rest of Austria. Founded addition, under the Prince-Archbishop Gebhardt Helffenshtayne, in 1077, was the fortress of Hohensalzburg, Salzburg was one of the pillars of the papacy in its struggle against the German emperors for the investiture of the call (the right to appoint bishops .) He served as a bastion of the Catholic Church and at the time of the Reformation and the Thirty Years War. End of the independent existence of the Archdiocese of Salzburg just put the troops of Napoleon in 1800, the Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Golloredo spent in Vienna, where he left three years later sold the temporal power. Salzburg was for a time to address some of the Austria-Habsburg possessions, but in 1806, Napoleon gave to Bavaria, and until 1816, the Congress of Vienna, Salzburg, and finally fell under the dominion of the Empire of Austria . Salzburg now -. the capital of the federal states of Austria, Salzburg and a half arhiepiskopskiyEsli, move the station, cross the boulevard and the River Salzach, the bridge on the opposite shore on foot, and immediately after entering a medieval quarter with its narrow streets and picturesque The courses are almost all really want, is interesting. on the facades of the houses of colored coat hanging medieval craft guilds merchants everywhere many cafes, pubs, restaurants and shops, all kinds of things. of cheap souvenirs and the most famous of Mozart Salzburg antique candy balls and fashion clothing after moving to rural people from the main tourist street of Salzburg - Getreidegasse, at number nine in the rococo style buildings of the great Mozart was born, the main facade of the house built from Mozart in again. Ballroom is wrong with the current fashion, has lived in the composer. However, part of the house, overlooking the Plaza of the University, has retained its original appearance. University deserves the square. Also of interest first, just opposite the House of Mozart is a very interesting Collegiate Church - a monumental creation of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, and secondly, chinnoe despite the name, the whole area. Morning in a gay market. All this is covered from edge to edge, with stalls of all kinds of food. Area of secularism, the citizens of Salzburg, is usually small and cozy, like, Waagplatz or Old Market, a special place with the smallest house in the city (number 109) and pharmacy track, a beautiful and mysterious, that even a simple purchase of the pills, which he considered a kind of solemnity, almost a ritual act. You should take some Franziskanergasse, and you're on a completely different environment, the Archbishop of the world - the magnificent and majestic Piazza del Duomo, where the cobblestones sounds amazing sounds of the bells from the famous cathedral of Salzburg. Even in times of St. Rupert at this point, a Romanesque basilica was built, and the bishops of the Arno and Virgil (767-774) extended (excavated at the time of reconstruction after the attacks of 1944, the crypt is Romanesque , and later served as the burial place of the archbishops of Salzburg). The temple was rebuilt, and then every eight centuries, but in 1598 it burned almost to the ground. On its ruins the Italian architect Santino Solari 14 years has built a new cathedral, dedicated to the construction, but only during the Thirty Years War in 1628, when the prince-archbishop of Paris, Count Lodrone. The construction of the tower, octagonal terminations installation of their successors in the years 1652-1655 concluded. In subsequent periods, the temple was richly decorated with stucco and paintings of famous artists. Eating in the chapel of the cathedral for a long time musician in the court, Leopold Mozart, baptized by his famous son - .. Wolfgang Amadeus, who also spent some time here at the Cathedral Square, not far from the convent founded by Rupert convent of St. Peter recognized the historic cradle of the city belonging to the Benedictine Order, and as one of the first of her in Central Europe. The monastery church was built in 1130-1143 and in the era of Baroque and Rococo decorations of his master noticed the time. This is what Mozart wrote the famous cathedral, in D minor mass. You can enjoy magnificent views of the cathedrals and churches, plazas and streets of the walls of the fortress of Hohensalzburg, the city decided on the 125-meter cliff in order to do this is simple: .. Cathedral Square is a street bounded by the cable car station, if you have the desire and power to get up and shake the enrichment can go in a relatively smooth snake is not only the views of the castle walls and towers, but the citadel - .. the structure is very strong and rigid that the prohibition of the Knights Castle successor Helffenshtayna Gebhardt, built in the eleventh century on the site of an ancient Roman outpost first wooden fort, did their best. Nearly six centuries have expanded and strengthened the castle becomes a strength, because no one has won. The Citadel at the time of the most active Koychaha Archbishop Leonhard von (1495-1519) built. The next governor of Matthew Lang Vellenburg in 1525, during the Peasants' War Department, spent 61 days besieged fortress. Nearly starving, but still alive, the attackers took the rebellious peasants, the terrible fear of the walls and the Prince-Archbishop of resistance, but retracted his Lord in the nineteenth century Hohensalzburg lost its military importance. in 1861, took the garrison, and now the city museum is open, and a very interesting museum of dolls -. one of the most prestigious institutions of its kind in the world, castles and parks, concerts and Salzburg reached festivaliNaivysshego peak in the late sixteenth century. From this time getting a famous baroque appearance, which are an integral part of the Salzburg castles, parks and gardens. To develop the whole palate intense and construction of the park begins Raytenau in the Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von. in 1609 for his mistress Salome Alt, built a palace and Altenau broke up with her first garden in Salzburg. Mirabell was renamed after the death of the prince and exile outside the Principality of his favorite palace and garden. Around 1690, the garden has been rebuilt, as already mentioned, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. Apparently, decorated terraces and marble statues, fountains and pavilions, and outdoor theater, one of the oldest nature, garden gnomes, dark, ugly creatures. We can say that could Mirabelle, despite its small size, easy to rival Versailles, kennel or Sans Souci. And now thousands of tourists coming to Salzburg, sent black street to admire this masterpiece of architecture and the imposing palace garden and decorative arts. admirable, and Hellbrunn Palace, built by order of Archbishop Sittakusa about eight kilometers from Salzburg. Again, there is a park decorated with sculptures and fountains of Peterhof we knew "cookies." It is said that one of the princes, archbishops, the big joker, covering the tables directly in the parking lot, the consumption of irrigation, and then cleverly hides some irrigation mechanisms, torrents of water to the guests. Parks and Gardens in Salzburg always organizes concerts, shows and carnivals. The tradition of this type of actions supported its origins in the mists of time, troubadours, and was recently (Carl Maria von Weber, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, etc.). In Mirabell Mozart Balls looks like in the garden librettist Schikaneder Vienna flag that belonged to the composer. He was working on the Maestro "The Magic Flute." But of course, the most important monument of the great composer should be considered in his hometown as the Salzburg Festival. The prototype of this forum was the music of Mozart Festival. Took place early last century, however, fairly regularly on the initiative of director Hans Richter. Made in 1906, Richard Strauss Mozart Festival in 1910 -. Gustav Mahler The idea of organizing a big event was in the air, attracted not only musicians, but actors, writers, members of the Council .. Art, which prepared the first Salzburg Festival include, among other things, the then director of the Vienna State Opera, Richard Strauss and Franz Schalke, actor and director Max Reinhardt, the designer Alfred Roller and writer Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Hofmannsthal "Everyman", organized by Reinhardt has launched on the 12th August 1920 in the Cathedral Square, the first Salzburg Festival to life. Opened in 1960, the Salzburg Festival at the Grand Palais. The opening was "Der Rosenkavalier" by Richard Strauss, Herbert von Karajan (who made his debut at the Salzburg Forum to music in 1933) took place. Each year from mid July to late August, the festival brings a lot about the world, the world's best musicians, will perform works by Mozart, in honor of the great composers. In fact, the next event in the city something that most of the year that suits you. One day I was in Salzburg in late September when a festival string orchestra and wind Salzburg and neighboring regions of Germany, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Therefore, the impression left with the help of the show in the city to its neighbors, Munich (just half an hour), where at that time only the thunder, and compete cried the famous Oktoberfest. In Salzburg Cathedral Square in the big tent, not quite, of course, as the cabins in the Theresienwiese in Munich, but still has about a thousand people. The music was played, ran the beer, ate hot dogs and big Hucks (pork), and a substantial proportion of the audience was dressed in buckskin pants and a hat with feathers, as in Bavaria. (Note that the culture and customs of the inhabitants of the Austrian province of Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol and Upper Austria, Bavaria close enough.) Scale, of course, no comparison to go to Munich, but he felt that his enthusiasm military and the desire is not worse than. Bavarian Alps AvstriiNu heart and, of course, a different story - .. Salzburg in winter wonder this city is called, the heart of the Alps, Austria Snowy Mountain Giant pierce the clouds, the sun shines the radiance of the eternal glaciers, beautiful mountain air refreshes all of which can be refreshing local. . Not a skier's paradise, far from Salzburg, Pinzgau am the famous ski resort of Zell am See and Kaprun, including sport at European level in the region (ESR), a popular holiday destination for skiers from around the world. throughout the year Kitzsteinhorn, Kaprun in the snow security and plenty of modern lifts. Maurer and glacier skiing is Schmidinger everywhere, including tips and divers tubers. But at home in the mountain road Mayskogel for children and adults are not too ambitious skiers. No less famous ski resort of Saalbach-Hinterglemm, Salzburg, nicknamed Ski Circus and the famous cable car, with the best coach in Austria. Salzburg is also a ski resort Obertauern, especially appreciated by lovers of virgin slopes. And in Salzburg is a thermal spa of Bad Gastein and Bad Hofgshtayn. In general, there are many things. not boring. Of the inhabitants of Salzburg is sometimes said explicitly that they come with plenty of entertainment for many visitors, so do not interfere with him and keep him out of their daily lives. It may be true, but it is known and the local hospitality and the fact that the real interest and curiosity is always quiet encounter is the understanding and support. Otherwise, when you arrive in Salzburg for what many people would not return to this city, and again. Tourism and Leisure